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5.2 Types of discrimination

There are different ways of classifying discrimination:

• Direct discrimination is deliberate behaviour. This type of discrimination is noticed when one person is
treated differently from another in a comparable situation. Examples of direct discrimination: Unequal pay
for women and men in the same job or employing only women or only men for the same job.

• Indirect discrimination - According to the definition on the website siecrownosci.gov.pl “occurs when an
apparently neutral provision, criterion or action in practice results in a disadvantageous situation for
a person or a certain group of persons, in particular because of their sex, race, ethnic origin, nationality,
religion or belief, worldview, political opinion, disability, age, sexual orientation, marital or family status
in comparison with other persons, is not legally and objectively justified and the means of achieving this
objective are not appropriate and necessary”. An example of indirect discrimination is the prohibition to
enter a restaurant or other premises with a guide dog.

• Positive discrimination - It is the maintenance of temporary or permanent solutions and legal measures
to equalise opportunities for individuals or groups who are discriminated against on the basis of sex,
religion, sexual orientation, ethnic origin, disability and others. Positive discrimination is part of
international law. It is recommended for example in: The Beijing Declaration and the Beijing Platform for
Action, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, Charter of
Fundamental Rights.