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Chapter 1 - Human rights

1.1 Human rights concept note

Human rights appertain to everyone, regardless of race, gender, language, religion, wealth, social origin or
political beliefs. Human rights cannot be taken away from you and cannot be renounced. The premise of
human rights: Everyone has a sphere of freedom that no authority can violate and every citizen can
demand that the state protect his or her rights. Human rights may be restricted, but only in strictly defined
situations, defined in international human rights constitutions and agreements.

The Declaration of Human Rights is a milestone in the history of human rights. It has been drafted by
representatives from various legal and cultural backgrounds from all regions of the world and has been
translated into over 500 languages. The Declaration of Human Rights was officially proclaimed by the UN
in Paris on 10 December 1948. It is a common standard of achievement for all nations. The Declaration of
Human Rights defines fundamental human rights that are universally protected 1

1.2 Basic characteristics of human rights

Human rights are:

• Inherent - they are available to everyone from birth, they exist regardless of the will of the authorities or
the law, the state only creates a system for their protection.

1 https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/